maritime Pine

botanicalbark extract

At a glance

Best for
adults with chronic venous insufficiency seeking modest symptom relief
Typical dose
100–150 mg/day standardized extract (range 50–200 mg)
Time to effect
Weeks
Main caution
Mild platelet effects; discontinue 2 weeks before surgery and use care with blood thinners
Evidence strength: Moderate for venous insufficiency; limited for blood pressure, ADHD, erectile, and osteoarthritis uses

What is it

Maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster ) is a coniferous tree native to the western Mediterranean coast whose bark is the source of a standardised polyphenol-rich extract best known under the trade name Pycnogenol. The extract is a complex mixture of procyanidins (oligomeric proanthocyanidins, OPCs), catechin and epicatechin monomers, phenolic acids, and taxifolin, standardised to typically 65-75% procyanidins by spectrophotometric assay. These polyphenols act as antioxidants, modulate nitric oxide synthesis and endothelial function, inhibit certain inflammatory enzymes (COX, lipoxygenase) at high concentrations in vitro, and have been the subject of more than a hundred small-to-mid-size clinical trials.

Is it worth it for you?

Worth considering if…

  • You have chronic venous insufficiency symptoms like leg swelling and heaviness
  • You use a standardized extract (e.g., Pycnogenol), not generic pine bark
  • You can trial it for 4–12 weeks

Probably skip if…

  • You want a proven treatment for blood pressure or osteoarthritis
  • You take anticoagulants/antiplatelets or have surgery scheduled
  • You substitute a non-standardized generic extract expecting the same effect

Evidence at a glance

GoalEvidenceEffectBest fitTime
chronic venous insufficiencyLimitedModestAdults with leg swelling, heaviness, and cramping from venous insufficiencyWeeks
blood pressure and endothelial functionLimitedSmallAdults with mildly impaired endothelial function or borderline blood pressureWeeks
adhd symptoms in childrenLimitedUncertainChildren with ADHD, as explored in small studiesWeeks
erectile functionLimitedModestMen with mild erectile dysfunction, often studied with L-arginineWeeks
osteoarthritis symptomsLimitedSmallAdults with knee osteoarthritis painWeeks

Evidence for 5 uses

AI-assisted evidence assessment — talk to your doctor before relying on any single supplement.

chronic venous insufficiency

Supplement benefit
Limited

Standardized maritime pine bark extract (around 100 mg/day) has improved venous insufficiency symptoms such as edema and leg heaviness in several small-to-mid-size trials, plausibly via effects on capillary permeability and endothelial function. The trials are mostly small and some are industry-linked. Benefit is symptomatic and modest.

Effect size: Modest
Time to effect: Weeks
Best fit: Adults with leg swelling, heaviness, and cramping from venous insufficiency

Bottom line: A reasonable adjunct for venous insufficiency symptoms, with modest expected benefit.

blood pressure and endothelial function

Biomarker support
Limited

Maritime pine bark extract modulates nitric oxide and has improved measures of endothelial function and modestly lowered blood pressure in some small trials. These are largely surrogate vascular measures rather than cardiovascular event outcomes. The effect on blood pressure is small and inconsistent across studies.

Effect size: Small
Time to effect: Weeks
Best fit: Adults with mildly impaired endothelial function or borderline blood pressure

Bottom line: May modestly improve vascular biomarkers and blood pressure, but this is not shown to prevent cardiovascular events.

Evidence is mixed

Some small trials show improved endothelial markers and minor blood-pressure reductions; others show little effect, and hard outcomes are untested.

adhd symptoms in children

Disease adjunct
Limited

A small number of trials (around 60120 mg/day) have reported reductions in hyperactivity and improvements in attention in children with ADHD. The evidence base is small and not replicated at scale. It is not an established treatment.

Effect size: Uncertain
Time to effect: Weeks
Best fit: Children with ADHD, as explored in small studies

Bottom line: Preliminary evidence in pediatric ADHD; too limited to recommend as therapy.

erectile function

Supplement benefit
Limited

Small trials, frequently combining maritime pine bark extract with L-arginine, have reported improved erectile function, consistent with nitric-oxide-mediated effects. Studies are small and often use combination products, making the extract's independent contribution unclear. Evidence is preliminary.

Effect size: Modest
Time to effect: Weeks
Best fit: Men with mild erectile dysfunction, often studied with L-arginine

Bottom line: Limited evidence for erectile function, mostly in combination with L-arginine.

osteoarthritis symptoms

Disease adjunct
Limited

Some small trials report reduced osteoarthritis pain and stiffness with maritime pine bark extract, plausibly via anti-inflammatory polyphenol activity. The trials are few and small. Benefit is not well established.

Effect size: Small
Time to effect: Weeks
Best fit: Adults with knee osteoarthritis pain

Bottom line: Preliminary evidence for osteoarthritis symptom relief; not dependable.

How to take it

Typical dose
100–150 mg/day standardized maritime pine bark extract
Higher studied dose
Up to 200 mg/day in endothelial and erectile-function studies
Timing
With meals
With food
With food
Split dosing
Often split into 1–2 doses
How long to try
Trial 4–12 weeks for clinical endpoints

What to track

  • Leg swelling and heaviness
  • Blood pressure (if relevant)
  • Joint pain (if relevant)

Safety

Common side effects

Mild GI upset, Headache, Dizziness

Who should avoid it

  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women
  • People before surgery
  • Those on anticoagulants/antiplatelets without medical advice

Pregnancy & breastfeeding

Insufficient safety data; use is generally not recommended in pregnancy or lactation.

Interactions

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugsModerate

Mild platelet-modulating effects at high doses

Antihypertensive drugsModerate

Possible additive blood-pressure lowering

Antidiabetic drugsModerate

Possible additive glucose lowering

Choosing a product

Look for

  • Standardized to 65–75% procyanidins
  • Named standardized extract (e.g., Pycnogenol) rather than generic pine bark
  • Stated species Pinus pinaster

Be skeptical of

  • Anti-aging cure-all
  • Reverses heart disease
  • Replaces blood pressure medication

References by claim

chronic venous insufficiency

  • Arcangeli et al., 2000PubMed (2000) link
  • Petrassi et al., 2000PubMed (2000) link

blood pressure and endothelial function

  • Fogacci et al., 2020PubMed (2020) link
  • Pourmasoumi et al., 2020PubMed (2020) link

adhd symptoms in children

  • Trebatická et al., 2006PubMed (2006) link

erectile function

  • Stanislavov et al., 2015PubMed (2015) link

osteoarthritis symptoms

  • Mülek et al., 2017PMC (2017) link

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Evidence-based·Last reviewed May 30, 2026·Evidence current as of May 30, 2026·How we grade evidence

Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This page is educational, not a substitute for personalized medical advice. Evidence grades are AI-assisted assessments — talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement, especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, on medications, or managing a chronic condition.