Geranial

PhytochemicalTerpene

What is it

Geranial (also called citral A) is a monoterpene aldehyde and the principal flavor component of lemon-scented plants such as lemongrass, lemon myrtle, and lemon balm. It appears in essential oils and a small number of supplement formulations.

How it works

Geranial contributes to the aroma and flavor of citrus-scented essential oils. Laboratory studies have explored antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity, and animal work has examined anti-inflammatory effects. Human clinical evidence for ingested geranial as a supplement is limited.

Dosage

No standardized intake. Geranial occurs naturally in essential oils and foods at low levels.

When and how to take it

No specific timing for oral use at flavoring levels. Follow label directions for any concentrated products.

1 commercial form

Compare the main delivery options and what they’re best suited for.

Essential oil (lemongrass, lemon balm, lemon myrtle)

Primary commercial source; geranial is a major component of these oils.

Inhaled and skin absorption variable; oral absorption rapid

Safety

FDA recognizes citral (geranial and neral mixtures) as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for flavoring use. Concentrated essential oils containing geranial can irritate skin and mucous membranes; topical sensitization is reported.

Who should be cautious

Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals should avoid concentrated essential oil products. People with sensitive skin or fragrance allergies may react to topical contact.

Interactions

No significant interactions reported in available literature at flavoring-level intakes.

Food sources

Lemongrass

Amount
variable
%DV
—

Lemon peel and zest

Amount
variable
%DV
—

Frequently asked questions

What is geranial?⌄

A monoterpene aldehyde that gives lemongrass and similar plants their citrus aroma.

Is it safe to consume?⌄

At flavoring levels found in foods, yes. Concentrated essential oils warrant caution and should not be ingested undiluted.

References

Geranial on Wikidata — Wikidata link

Geranial (ChEBI:16980) — ChEBI link

Geranial (PubChem CID 638011) — PubChem link

Geranial on NIH DSLD (US supplement label database) — NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database link

Research on Geranial (PubMed search) — PubMed link

Track Geranial with Pilora

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Evidence-based·How we grade evidence

Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This page is educational, not a substitute for personalized medical advice. Evidence grades are AI-assisted assessments — talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement, especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, on medications, or managing a chronic condition.