Camphor

Phytochemical

What is it

Camphor is a waxy aromatic terpene ketone derived from the camphor laurel tree (Cinnamomum camphora) or produced synthetically. It is used in topical analgesics, decongestants, and traditional aromatic preparations.

Evidence for 2 uses

AI-assisted evidence assessment — talk to your doctor before relying on any single supplement.

Topical analgesic (FDA OTC indication)

Strong Evidence

FDA-approved topical counterirritant; effective at OTC concentrations.

Topical decongestant/antitussive

Good Evidence

Camphor-based products (e.g., Vicks VapoRub) provide subjective decongestant relief; clinical trial support exists.

How it works

Camphor activates TRPV1 and TRPM8 sensory receptors, producing a warm-then-cool sensation that distracts from underlying pain (counterirritant effect). It also has mild local anesthetic activity and antimicrobial properties at higher concentrations. Topical FDA-approved uses include relief of minor muscle and joint pain and topical chest application for cough/decongestant effects. OTC concentrations are limited to 11 percent. Products like Vicks VapoRub and Tiger Balm contain camphor as an active ingredient. Camphor is highly toxic when ingested orally, especially in children. Even small amounts (as little as 1 gram in adults, much less in children) can cause seizures and death. Internal use is not appropriate.

Dosage

Topical OTC: limited to 11 percent camphor in approved products. Apply per label directions. Oral use is unsafe.

When and how to take it

Topical: as needed per label. Aromatic chest application typically before sleep or during cough/congestion. Not for internal use.

3 commercial forms

Compare the main delivery options and what they’re best suited for.

Topical camphor cream/balm

OTC pain and decongestant products.

Local action; small systemic absorption.

Camphor essential oil

Used in aromatherapy and traditional preparations.

Highly concentrated; dilute before topical use; do not ingest.

Ravintsara (Cinnamomum camphora chemotype) oil

Aromatic with different terpene profile (cineole-rich).

Lower camphor content than standard camphor oil.

Safety

Topical use within labeled directions is generally safe in adults. Side effects: skin irritation, contact dermatitis. Critical: oral ingestion is highly toxic. Keep camphor-containing products away from children. Do not apply to broken skin or to nostrils of infants and young children.

Who should be cautious

Do not ingest. Do not apply to broken skin, in nostrils of children under 2, or near eyes. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: topical use with caution; avoid concentrated essential oils. Keep away from children to prevent accidental ingestion.

Interactions

Topical use has minimal systemic interactions. Ingested camphor can interact with CNS depressants and seizure-affecting medications.

Frequently asked questions

Can I take camphor internally?⌄

No. Oral camphor is highly toxic. Even small amounts can cause seizures and death.

How does ravintsara differ from camphor?⌄

Ravintsara is a 1,8-cineole-rich chemotype of the camphor tree with lower camphor content and different aromatic properties; it is generally considered milder.

References

Camphor on Wikidata — Wikidata link

Camphor (ChEBI:36773) — ChEBI link

Camphor (PubChem CID 2537) — PubChem link

Camphor on NIH DSLD (US supplement label database) — NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database link

Research on Camphor (PubMed search) — PubMed link

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Evidence-based·How we grade evidence

Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This page is educational, not a substitute for personalized medical advice. Evidence grades are AI-assisted assessments — talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement, especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, on medications, or managing a chronic condition.