Baicalein

Baicalein is the aglycone of baicalin: it has the same trihydroxyflavone core without the glucuronic acid attachment. Baicalin is hydrolyzed by intestinal bacteria to release baicalein, which is then absorbed and partially reconjugated to baicalin in enterocytes and liver. This enterohepatic recirculation means that consuming either form ultimately yields similar systemic exposure to both, with baicalein the more bioavailable form per milligram. Mechanistically, baicalein has been shown in preclinical work to inhibit several inflammatory enzymes (12-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase), suppress NF-kB and inflammatory cytokine production, and chelate metal ions contributing to oxidative damage. Animal models suggest neuroprotective effects in stroke and Parkinson's disease models, antiviral effects against influenza and other viruses, and modest blood pressure and lipid-lowering effects. Human clinical evidence is more limited and largely from East Asian medical literature.

There is no RDA. Baicalein supplements typically provide 100 to 500 mg per dose. Extracts may be standardized to baicalein content; some products combine baicalein with baicalin. Traditional Chinese decoctions of Huang Qin use 3 to 10 grams of dried root daily, which delivers a mix of baicalein and baicalin.

Baicalein is typically taken with meals, often split into two or three doses through the day. Slightly sedating in some users; if drowsy, take in the evening. Avoid combining with alcohol due to liver concerns.

Generally well tolerated. Common side effects are similar to baicalin: GI upset, drowsiness, headache. Rare hepatotoxicity reports have been associated with Scutellaria products. Pregnancy safety data are limited. No formal Tolerable Upper Intake Level has been established.

Baicalein may inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2) and affect drug metabolism. May enhance effects of antidiabetic medications, anticoagulants, and some antibiotics. May interact with immunosuppressants.