herb drug interaction
2 interactions related to herb drug interaction
cyclosporine + st. john's wort
St. John's wort is a potent inducer of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, which dramatically accelerates cyclosporine metabolism and efflux. Co-administration reduces cyclosporine blood AUC by roughly 40-50%, producing subtherapeutic levels that have caused documented acute organ rejection in heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients.
cyclosporine + echinacea
Echinacea is marketed as an immune stimulant and has been shown in vitro and in some animal models to activate macrophages, NK cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. While direct pharmacokinetic effects on cyclosporine levels are not well documented in humans, the immunostimulant pharmacology directly opposes the goal of immunosuppression in transplant and autoimmune patients.