toxicity
2 interactions related to toxicity
caffeine + theophylline
Caffeine and theophylline are closely related methylxanthines that share the CYP1A2 metabolic pathway and compete for the same adenosine receptors. Concurrent use can raise theophylline levels and add pharmacodynamically to cause tachycardia, tremor, nausea, seizures or arrhythmias.
caffeinetheophyllinemethylxanthineasthmacopdcyp1a2narrow therapeutic indextoxicity
caffeine + clozapine
Caffeine inhibits CYP1A2, the main enzyme that metabolizes clozapine. High caffeine intake (especially energy drinks) can dramatically raise clozapine levels, with case reports of life-threatening toxicity including multiorgan failure.
caffeineclozapineschizophreniacyp1a2energy drinksantipsychotictoxicitydrug interaction