tobacco
6 interactions related to tobacco
smoking + clozapine
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke (not nicotine) strongly induce CYP1A2, the liver enzyme that handles most clozapine metabolism, so smokers tend to have lower clozapine levels and need higher doses. The greater danger is stopping smoking: levels can climb sharply over a few days as the enzyme returns to baseline, risking sedation, seizures, and toxicity unless the dose is reviewed.
smoking + olanzapine
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke induce CYP1A2, the main enzyme that breaks down olanzapine, so smokers clear the drug faster and run lower blood levels. When someone quits, levels rise over the following days to weeks and side effects can emerge on a previously stable dose. The effect is driven by combustion products, not nicotine.
smoking + theophylline
Combustion products in tobacco smoke induce the liver enzyme CYP1A2, speeding up how fast the body clears theophylline. Smokers therefore tend to need more theophylline to stay in range, and stopping smoking can reverse this within days and push levels into a toxic range unless the dose is reviewed.
smoking + propranolol
Cigarette smoking induces hepatic metabolism of propranolol (mainly via CYP1A2 and glucuronidation), increasing its clearance and lowering propranolol blood levels in smokers compared with non-smokers. Nicotine also independently raises heart rate, blood pressure, and circulating catecholamines, partly counteracting propranolol's beta-blocking effect. Both effects reverse when a person quits smoking.
smoking + caffeine
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke induce CYP1A2, the main liver enzyme that breaks down caffeine, so smokers clear caffeine faster and feel it less. When you quit smoking, that fast clearance fades within a few days and your usual caffeine can build up, contributing to jitters, anxiety, palpitations, and poor sleep that can be mistaken for nicotine withdrawal.
smoking + insulin
Smoking worsens insulin resistance through nicotine-driven catecholamine release, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and slows subcutaneous insulin absorption through vasoconstriction, so people with diabetes who smoke typically need more insulin to reach the same glucose control. Quitting improves insulin sensitivity within days to weeks, so insulin doses often need to come down to avoid hypoglycemia.