1 interaction related to therapeutic drug monitoring
The caffeine in energy drinks increases renal clearance of lithium by raising glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion, which can lower serum lithium below the therapeutic window and trigger relapse of bipolar symptoms. Conversely, abrupt reduction or cessation of high caffeine intake while on a stable lithium dose can push serum lithium into the toxic range; a published case report documented a 24% rise in serum lithium after caffeine withdrawal.