infection risk

probiotics + immunosuppressants

Live probiotic bacteria can translocate across the gut wall and cause bacteremia, endocarditis, or sepsis in patients whose immune systems are pharmacologically suppressed (e.g., calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, corticosteroids, mycophenolate). Multiple case reports document Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bloodstream infections in solid-organ and stem-cell transplant recipients.