ginkgo
5 interactions related to ginkgo
aspirin + ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba can inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF) and platelet aggregation, which can add to aspirin's irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and thromboxane A2. The combination may modestly increase minor bleeding events, with case reports of more serious bleeds in vulnerable patients.
rivaroxaban + ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba has antiplatelet properties and may theoretically add to the bleeding risk of rivaroxaban, although a controlled pharmacokinetic study with EGb 761 found no change in rivaroxaban plasma levels or anti-Factor Xa activity. The risk is primarily additive rather than pharmacokinetic.
warfarin + ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba inhibits platelet-activating factor and can prolong bleeding time, adding an antiplatelet effect on top of warfarin's vitamin-K-antagonist anticoagulation. A 2025 PLOS One analysis of 2,647 prescriptions found ginkgo co-prescription was associated with a significantly higher rate of bleeding adverse events (hazard ratio ~1.38) and abnormal coagulation profiles.
clopidogrel + ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba inhibits platelet-activating factor and may add to clopidogrel's blockade of the platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor. While a healthy-volunteer study did not detect additive platelet inhibition, observational and case-report data link the combination to increased bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage.
ginkgo + phosphatidylserine
Ginkgo biloba improves cerebral blood flow and has antioxidant effects; complexing it with phosphatidylserine substantially enhances absorption of its active terpene lactones and flavone glycosides. The Virtiva complex (ginkgo + phosphatidylserine) showed improved secondary memory and faster memory task performance versus ginkgo alone in a placebo-controlled crossover trial.