carotenoid
2 interactions related to carotenoid
lycopene + fat
Lycopene is a fat-soluble carotenoid whose absorption depends on incorporation into bile acid micelles, which require dietary fat. A landmark study showed adding olive oil to tomatoes increased plasma trans-lycopene by 82%, and avocado co-consumption with tomato salsa increased lycopene AUC 4.4-fold.
lycopenefatolive oiltomatocarotenoidabsorptionsynergybioavailability
alcohol + vitamin a
Alcohol depletes hepatic vitamin A by inducing cytochrome P450 enzymes (especially CYP2E1, CYP26A1, CYP26B1) that catabolize retinol. Paradoxically, vitamin A supplementation in heavy drinkers is hepatotoxic — alcohol potentiates retinol's toxicity to liver cells, and high-dose beta-carotene combined with alcohol increases liver injury.
alcoholvitamin aretinolbeta caroteneliver diseasehepatotoxicitycyp2e1carotenoid